What can a nurse determine from a positive test result for HIV in a pregnant woman?

A positive test result for HIV in a pregnant woman indicates that HIV antibodies have been detected, commonly through a test like the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This test is designed to identify antibodies produced in response to HIV infection, which provides a reliable measure of whether the individual is infected with the virus. Understanding this is crucial in prenatal care because it allows healthcare providers to implement appropriate interventions to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy, labor, and breastfeeding.

Recognizing the presence of these antibodies means the woman will benefit from further evaluations and treatment options that can greatly improve outcomes for both her and her baby, such as antiretroviral therapy. This focus on treatment and management is vital for both protecting the health of the mother and minimizing the risk of HIV transmission to the child.